Menene dioxane?Daga ina ya fito?
Dioxane, madaidaiciyar hanyar rubuta shi ita ce dioxane.Domin mugunta yana da wahalar bugawa, a cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi amfani da mugayen kalmomin da aka saba.Yana da kwayoyin halitta, wanda kuma aka sani da dioxane, 1, 4-dioxane, ruwa mara launi.Dioxane m toxicity ne low mai guba, yana da maganin sa barci da stimulating effects.Bisa ga ka'idar fasaha ta aminci na kayan kwaskwarima a kasar Sin, dioxane haramun ne na kayan kwaskwarima.Tun da an hana ƙarawa, me yasa har yanzu kayan shafawa suna da gano dioxane?Don dalilan da ba za a iya kaucewa ta hanyar fasaha ba, yana yiwuwa a shigar da dioxane a cikin kayan shafawa azaman ƙazanta.To mene ne kazanta a cikin albarkatun kasa?
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su don wankewa a cikin shamfu da wanke jiki shine sodium fatty barasa ether sulfate, wanda aka sani da sodium AES ko SLES.Ana iya yin wannan ɓangaren daga man dabino ko man fetur a matsayin kayan daɗaɗɗen kayan maye zuwa barasa mai kitse, amma ana haɗa shi ta hanyar jerin matakai kamar ethoxylation, sulfonation, da neutralization.Makullin mataki shine ethoxylation, a cikin wannan mataki na tsarin amsawa, kuna buƙatar amfani da danyen abu na ethylene oxide, wanda shine ɗanyen abu monomer wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antar haɗin gwiwar sinadarai, yayin aiwatar da amsawar ethoxylation, ban da Bugu da ƙari na ethylene oxide zuwa barasa mai kitse don samar da barasa mai kitse, Hakanan akwai ƙaramin ɓangaren ethylene oxide (EO) ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu don samar da samfuri, wato, abokan gaba na dioxane, ana iya nuna takamaiman martani. a cikin wannan adadi:
Gabaɗaya, masana'antun albarkatun ƙasa za su sami matakai na gaba don rarrabewa da tsarkakewa dioxane, masana'antun albarkatun ƙasa daban-daban za su sami ma'auni daban-daban, masana'antun kayan kwalliya na ƙasa kuma za su sarrafa wannan alamar, gabaɗaya kusan 20 zuwa 40ppm.Dangane da ma'aunin abun ciki a cikin ƙãre samfurin (kamar shamfu, wanke jiki), babu takamaiman alamun duniya.Bayan afkuwar shamfu na Bawang a shekarar 2011, kasar Sin ta kafa mizanin kayayyakin da aka gama a kasa da 30ppm.
Dioxane yana haifar da ciwon daji, shin yana haifar da damuwa na aminci?
A matsayin ɗanyen abu da aka yi amfani da shi tun lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an yi nazari da yawa sosai game da sodium sulfate (SLES) da dioxane samfurin sa.Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) tana nazarin dioxane a cikin samfuran mabukaci na tsawon shekaru 30, kuma Lafiyar Kanada ta yanke shawarar cewa kasancewar adadin dioxane a cikin samfuran kwaskwarima baya haifar da haɗarin lafiya ga masu amfani, har ma da yara (Kanada). ).Dangane da Hukumar Lafiya da Tsaro ta Ma'aikata ta Ostiraliya, madaidaicin iyakar dioxane a cikin kayan masarufi shine 30ppm, kuma babban iyakar yarda da toxicologically shine 100ppm.A kasar Sin, bayan shekarar 2012, ma'aunin iyaka na 30ppm don abun ciki na dioxane a cikin kayan kwaskwarima ya yi ƙasa da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun toxicologically na 100ppm a ƙarƙashin yanayin amfani na yau da kullun.
A daya hannun kuma, ya kamata a jaddada cewa, iyakar kasar Sin na dioxane a matsayin kayan kwaskwarima bai kai 30ppm ba, wanda ya kasance wani babban matsayi a duniya.Domin a zahiri, ƙasashe da yankuna da yawa suna da iyaka mafi girma akan abun ciki na dioxane fiye da ƙa'idodin mu ko babu tabbataccen ƙa'idodi:
A zahiri, adadin dioxane shima ya zama ruwan dare a yanayi.Kayayyakin Abubuwan Guba da Rijistar Cututtuka na Amurka sun lissafa dioxane kamar yadda ake samu a cikin kaza, tumatir, jatan lande har ma da ruwan sha.Jagororin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya don ingancin Ruwan sha (Bugu na uku) ya bayyana cewa iyakar dioxane a cikin ruwa shine 50 μg/L.
Don haka in taƙaita matsalar ciwon daji na dioxane a cikin jimla ɗaya, wato: ko da kuwa adadin da za a yi magana game da cutarwa ɗan damfara ne.
Ƙananan abun ciki na dioxane, mafi kyawun inganci, daidai?
Dioxane ba shine kawai alamar ingancin SLES ba.Sauran alamomi kamar adadin mahaɗan da ba a haɗa su ba da adadin abubuwan da ke haifar da fushi a cikin samfurin kuma suna da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da su.
Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa SLES kuma ya zo a cikin nau'i daban-daban, babban bambanci shine digiri na ethoxylation, wasu tare da 1 EO, wasu tare da 2, 3 ko ma 4 EO (ba shakka, samfurori tare da wurare na decimal kamar 1.3). kuma ana iya samar da 2.6).Matsayi mafi girma na ƙara yawan ethoxidation, wato, mafi girma yawan adadin EO, mafi girma abun ciki na dioxane da aka samar a ƙarƙashin tsari guda da yanayin tsarkakewa.
Abin sha'awa, duk da haka, dalilin da ya kara EO shine don rage rashin jin daɗi na surfactant SLES, kuma mafi girma yawan adadin EO SLES, ƙananan fushi ga fata, wato, mai laushi, kuma akasin haka.Idan ba tare da EO ba, SLS ne, wanda ba a so da abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, wanda shine abu mai ban sha'awa sosai.
Sabili da haka, ƙananan abun ciki na dioxane ba yana nufin cewa dole ne ya zama kayan aiki mai kyau ba.Domin idan adadin EO ya yi ƙanƙanta, haushin albarkatun ƙasa zai fi girma
A takaice:
Dioxane ba wani sinadari ne da kamfanoni ke ƙarawa ba, amma ɗanyen abu ne wanda dole ne ya kasance a cikin albarkatun ƙasa kamar SLES, wanda ke da wahalar gujewa.Ba wai kawai a cikin SLES ba, a zahiri, muddin ana aiwatar da ethoxylation, za a sami adadin dioxane, kuma wasu albarkatun kula da fata kuma suna ɗauke da dioxane.Daga ra'ayi na kima hadarin, a matsayin abin da ya rage, babu buƙatar bin cikakken abun ciki na 0, ɗauki fasahar ganowa na yanzu, "ba a gano" ba yana nufin cewa abun ciki shine 0.
Don haka, yin magana game da cutarwa fiye da kashi shine zama ɗan gangster.An yi nazarin amincin dioxane na shekaru da yawa, kuma an kafa aminci mai dacewa da matakan da aka ba da shawarar, kuma ragowar ƙasa da 100ppm ana ɗaukar lafiya.Amma kasashe irin su Tarayyar Turai ba su sanya shi a matsayin ma'auni na wajibi ba.Abubuwan da ake buƙata na gida don abun ciki na dioxane a cikin samfuran sun kasance ƙasa da 30ppm.
Saboda haka, dioxane a cikin shamfu baya buƙatar damuwa game da ciwon daji.Amma game da rashin fahimta a cikin kafofin watsa labaru, yanzu kun fahimci cewa kawai don samun hankali ne.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-27-2023
