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Uriya
Wani fili ne da ya hada da carbon, nitrogen, oxygen da hydrogen, daya daga cikin sinadarai masu sauki, kuma shine babban sinadarin sinadarin nitrogen mai dauke da sinadarin gina jiki da bazuwar dabbobi masu shayarwa da wasu kifi, kuma urea ta hada da ammonia da carbon. dioxide a cikin masana'antu a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.
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Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate wani farin fili ne, granular, faranti ko lu'ulu'u na columnar, warin ammonia.Ammonium bicarbonate wani nau'in carbonate ne, ammonium bicarbonate yana da ammonium ion a cikin tsarin sinadarai, nau'in gishirin ammonium ne, kuma gishirin ammonium ba za a iya haɗa shi tare da alkali ba, don haka kada a haɗa ammonium bicarbonate tare da sodium hydroxide ko calcium hydroxide. .
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Potassium Carbonate
Abun da ba shi da tsari, wanda aka narkar da shi azaman foda mai farin crystalline, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, alkaline a cikin maganin ruwa, wanda ba zai iya narkewa a cikin ethanol, acetone, da ether.Hygroscopic mai ƙarfi, wanda aka fallasa zuwa iska zai iya ɗaukar carbon dioxide da ruwa, cikin potassium bicarbonate.
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Potassium chloride
Wani fili mai kama da gishiri a siffa, yana da farin kristal da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai daɗi, mara wari, kuma mara guba.Soluble a cikin ruwa, ether, glycerol da alkali, dan kadan mai narkewa a cikin ethanol, amma insoluble a cikin anhydrous ethanol, hygroscopic, mai sauƙin caking;Solubility a cikin ruwa yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da haɓakar zafin jiki, kuma sau da yawa yana sake dawowa da gishiri na sodium don samar da sababbin gishirin potassium.
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Sulfate
Ferrous sulfate wani abu ne na inorganic, crystalline hydrate ne heptahydrate a al'ada zazzabi, wanda aka fi sani da "kore alum", haske kore crystal, weathered a bushe iska, da surface hadawan abu da iskar shaka na asali baƙin ƙarfe sulfate a cikin m iska, a 56.6 ℃ ya zama. tetrahydrate, a 65 ℃ don zama monohydrate.Ferrous sulfate yana narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma kusan ba zai iya narkewa a cikin ethanol.Maganin sa na ruwa yana yin oxidize sannu a hankali a cikin iska lokacin sanyi, kuma yana yin oxidize da sauri idan yana zafi.Ƙara alkali ko fallasa zuwa haske na iya hanzarta iskar oxygen.Matsakaicin dangi (d15) shine 1.897.
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Ammonium chloride
Ammonium gishiri na hydrochloric acid, mafi yawa ta-samfurin na alkali masana'antu.Abubuwan nitrogen na 24% ~ 26%, fari ko dan kadan fure muryoyi, da sauƙin adanawa ba sauki don shan danshi taki domin samar da takin zamani.Ita ce taki na physiological acid, wanda bai kamata a yi amfani da shi a kan ƙasa mai acidic da kuma ƙasan saline-alkali ba saboda yawan chlorine, kuma kada a yi amfani da shi azaman takin iri, takin seedling ko takin ganye.
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Magnesium chloride
Abun da ba a iya gani ba wanda ya ƙunshi 74.54% chlorine da 25.48% magnesium kuma yawanci yana ƙunshe da kwayoyin ruwa guda shida na ruwa crystalline, MgCl2.6H2O.Monoclinic crystal, ko gishiri, suna da wani abu mai lalacewa.Magnesium oxide yana samuwa ne lokacin da ruwa da hydrogen chloride suka ɓace yayin dumama.Dan kadan mai narkewa a cikin acetone, mai narkewa cikin ruwa, ethanol, methanol, pyridine.Yana deliqueses da kuma haifar da hayaki a cikin rigar iska, da kuma sublimates lokacin da yake da fari zafi a cikin iskar gas na hydrogen.
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4 A Zeolite
Alumino-silicic acid ne na halitta, gishiri a cikin konewa, saboda ruwan da ke cikin crystal yana fitar da shi, yana haifar da wani abu mai kama da kumfa da tafasa, wanda ake kira "dutse mai tafasa" a hoto, ana kiransa "zeolite". ”, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin wanka mara amfani da phosphate, maimakon sodium tripolyphosphate;A cikin man fetur da sauran masana'antu, ana amfani da shi azaman bushewa, bushewa da tsarkakewar iskar gas da ruwa, haka kuma a matsayin mai kara kuzari da tausasa ruwa.
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Citric acid
Yana da wani muhimmin Organic acid, colorless crystal, wari, yana da karfi m dandano, sauƙi mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, yafi amfani a cikin abinci da abin sha masana'antu, za a iya amfani da a matsayin m wakili, kayan yaji wakili da preservative, preservative, kuma za a iya amfani da a. sinadarai, masana'antar kwaskwarima a matsayin antioxidant, filastik, wanka, citric acid anhydrous kuma ana iya amfani dashi a masana'antar abinci da abin sha.
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Sodium Silicate
Sodium silicate wani nau'i ne na silicate na inorganic, wanda aka fi sani da pyrophorine.Na2O·nSiO2 da aka samar ta hanyar busassun simintin gyare-gyare yana da girma kuma mai bayyanawa, yayin da Na2O·nSiO2 da aka kafa ta hanyar kashe ruwan jika yana da girma, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi kawai idan aka canza shi zuwa ruwa Na2O·nSiO2.Na2O·nSiO2 daskararrun samfuran gama gari sune: ① girma mai ƙarfi, ② foda mai ƙarfi, ③ Nan take sodium silicate, ④ ruwa sodium metasilicate, ⑤ sodium pentahydrate metasilicate, ⑥ sodium orthosilicate.
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Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Daya daga cikin salts sodium na phosphoric acid, wani inorganic acid gishiri, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, kusan insoluble a cikin ethanol.Sodium dihydrogen phosphate shine albarkatun kasa don kera sodium hempetaphosphate da sodium pyrophosphate.Lura ce ta monoclinic prismatic crystal mara launi tare da girman dangi na 1.52g/cm².
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Dibasic sodium phosphate
Yana daya daga cikin salts sodium na phosphoric acid.Farin foda ne mai lalacewa, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma maganin ruwa yana da raunin alkaline.Disodium hydrogen phosphate yana da sauƙin yanayi a cikin iska, a dakin da zafin jiki da aka sanya a cikin iska don rasa kimanin 5 crystal ruwa don samar da heptahydrate, mai tsanani zuwa 100 ℃ don rasa duk ruwan kristal a cikin kwayoyin anhydrous, bazuwa cikin sodium pyrophosphate a 250 ℃.
