Mafi kyawun kumfa, mafi kyawun ikon kawar da gurɓatawa?

Nawa muka sani game da kayayyakin tsaftacewar kumfa da muke amfani da su a kullum? Shin mun taɓa yin mamakin: menene rawar kumfa a cikin kayan wanka?

Me yasa muke zaɓar samfuran kumfa?

 

 
 
Ta hanyar kwatantawa da rarrabewa, nan ba da jimawa ba za mu iya tantance mai kunna saman da kyakkyawan ikon kumfa, sannan mu sami dokar kumfa ta mai kunna saman: (ps: Saboda kayan iri ɗaya ne daga masana'antun daban-daban, aikin kumfa shi ma ya bambanta, a nan muna amfani da manyan haruffa daban-daban don wakiltar kayan daban-daban.masu masana'antu)

①Daga cikin sinadaran surfactants, sodium lauryl glutamate yana da ƙarfin kumfa mai ƙarfi, kuma disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate yana da rauni a ƙarfin kumfa.

② Yawancin surfactants na sulfate, amphoteric surfactants da non-ionic surfactants suna da ƙarfin daidaita kumfa, yayin da amino acid surfactants gabaɗaya suna da rauni a ƙarfin daidaita kumfa. Idan kuna son haɓaka samfuran amino acid surfactant, kuna iya la'akari da amfani da amphoteric ko non-ionic surfactants masu ƙarfi a ƙarfin daidaita kumfa da kumfa.

Zane na ƙarfin kumfa da ƙarfin kumfa mai ƙarfi na surfactant iri ɗaya:

 
Menene surfactant?

Surfactant wani sinadari ne da ke ɗauke da aƙalla wata babbar ƙungiyar haɗin kai ta saman kwayoyin halittarsa ​​(don tabbatar da cewa ruwansa yana narkewa a mafi yawan lokuta) da kuma ƙungiyar da ba ta jima'i ba wadda ba ta da ɗan haɗin kai. Surfactants da aka fi amfani da su sune ionic surfactants (gami da cationic surfactants da anionic surfactants), non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants.
Mai kunna saman shine babban sinadari na sabulun wanke-wanke mai kumfa. Yadda ake zaɓar mai kunna saman da kyakkyawan aiki an kimanta shi daga girma biyu na aikin kumfa da ƙarfin rage mai. Daga cikinsu, ma'aunin aikin kumfa ya haɗa da fihirisa biyu: aikin kumfa da aikin daidaita kumfa.

Ma'aunin halayen kumfa

Me muke damuwa da kumfa?

Kawai dai, shin yana kumfa da sauri? Akwai kumfa mai yawa? Shin kumfa zai daɗe?
Za mu sami amsoshi a cikin tantancewa da tantance kayan aiki
Babban hanyar gwajinmu ita ce amfani da kayan aikin da ake da su, bisa ga hanyar gwaji ta ƙasa - hanyar Ross-Miles (hanyar tantance kumfa ta Roche) don yin nazari, tantancewa da tantance ƙarfin kumfa da kuma daidaiton kumfa na surfactants 31 da aka saba amfani da su a dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Gwaji: Surfactants 31 da aka saba amfani da su a dakunan gwaje-gwaje
Abubuwan gwaji: ƙarfin kumfa da ƙarfin kumfa mai ƙarfi na nau'ikan surfactant daban-daban
Hanyar gwaji: Roth kumfa mai gwadawa; Hanyar sarrafawa mai canzawa (daidaitaccen maganin tattarawa, zafin jiki mai ɗorewa);
Tsarin bambanci
Sarrafa bayanai: yin rikodin tsayin kumfa a cikin lokutan lokaci daban-daban;
Tsawon kumfa a farkon minti 0 shine ƙarfin kumfa na teburin, mafi girman tsayi, ƙarfin kumfa; An gabatar da daidaiton kwanciyar hankali na kumfa a cikin nau'in jadawalin haɗin tsayin kumfa na minti 5, minti 10, minti 30, minti 45 da minti 60. Da tsawon lokacin kula da kumfa, haka nan ƙarfin kwanciyar hankali na kumfa.
Bayan gwaji da rikodi, bayanansa za a nuna su kamar haka:
 

 
Ta hanyar kwatantawa da rarrabewa, nan ba da jimawa ba za mu iya tantance mai kunna saman da kyakkyawan ikon kumfa, sannan mu sami dokar kumfa ta mai kunna saman: (ps: Domin kayan iri ɗaya ne daga masana'antun daban-daban, aikin kumfa shi ma ya bambanta, a nan muna amfani da manyan haruffa daban-daban don wakiltar masana'antun kayan daban-daban)

① Daga cikin sinadaran surfactants, sodium lauryl glutamate yana da ƙarfin kumfa mai ƙarfi, kuma disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate yana da rauni a ƙarfin kumfa.

② Yawancin surfactants na sulfate, amphoteric surfactants da non-ionic surfactants suna da ƙarfin daidaita kumfa, yayin da amino acid surfactants gabaɗaya suna da rauni a ƙarfin daidaita kumfa. Idan kuna son haɓaka samfuran amino acid surfactant, kuna iya la'akari da amfani da amphoteric ko non-ionic surfactants masu ƙarfi a ƙarfin daidaita kumfa da kumfa.
 
Zane na ƙarfin kumfa da ƙarfin kumfa mai ƙarfi na surfactant iri ɗaya:
 

Sodium lauryl glutamate

Ammonium lauryl sulfate

Babu wata alaƙa tsakanin aikin kumfa da aikin daidaita kumfa na wannan surfactant, kuma aikin daidaita kumfa na surfactant tare da kyakkyawan aikin kumfa bazai yi kyau ba.
Kwatanta daidaiton kumfa na nau'ikan surfactant daban-daban:

 
Ps: Matsakaicin canjin yanayi = (tsawon kumfa a minti 0 - tsayin kumfa a minti 60)/tsawon kumfa a minti 0
Ka'idojin kimantawa: Mafi girman saurin canji, haka nan ƙarfin daidaita kumfa ke raguwa
Ta hanyar nazarin jadawalin kumfa, za a iya kammala da cewa:

① Disodium cocamphoamphodiacetate yana da ƙarfin daidaita kumfa mafi ƙarfi, yayin da lauryl hydroxyl sulfobateine ​​yana da ƙarfin daidaita kumfa mafi rauni.

② Ikon daidaita kumfa na lauryl alcohol sulfate surfactants gabaɗaya yana da kyau, kuma ikon daidaita kumfa na amino acid anionic surfactants gabaɗaya ba shi da kyau;

Nassoshi game da tsarin tsari:

Za a iya kammalawa daga aikin kumfa da aikin daidaita kumfa na mai kunna saman cewa babu wata doka da alaƙa tsakanin su biyun, wato, kyakkyawan aikin kumfa ba lallai bane ya zama kyakkyawan aikin daidaita kumfa. Wannan yana sa mu a cikin tantance kayan albarkatun surfactant, dole ne mu yi la'akari da ba da cikakken wasa ga kyakkyawan aikin surfactant, haɗin kai mai dacewa na nau'ikan surfactant, don samun ingantaccen aikin kumfa. A lokaci guda, ana haɗa shi da surfactants masu ƙarfin rage man shafawa don cimma tasirin tsaftacewa na halayen kumfa da ƙarfin rage man shafawa.

Gwajin rage mai:

Manufa: A tantance masu kunna saman da ke da ƙarfin rage cunkoso, da kuma gano alaƙar da ke tsakanin halayen kumfa da ƙarfin rage man shafawa ta hanyar bincike da kwatantawa.
Ka'idojin kimantawa: Mun kwatanta bayanan pixels na tabo na zane kafin da kuma bayan kawar da gurɓataccen abu daga saman, mun ƙididdige ƙimar tafiya, kuma mun samar da ma'aunin ƙarfin rage mai. Mafi girman ma'aunin, ƙarfin rage mai yana ƙaruwa.
 

 
Ana iya gani daga bayanan da ke sama cewa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi, ƙarfin rage mai shine ammonium lauryl sulfate, kuma ƙarfin rage mai shine CMEA guda biyu;
Za a iya kammalawa daga bayanan gwajin da ke sama cewa babu wata alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin halayen kumfa na surfactant da ƙarfin rage mai. Misali, aikin kumfa na ammonium lauryl sulfate tare da ƙarfin rage mai ba shi da kyau. Duk da haka, aikin kumfa na C14-16 olefin sodium sulfonate, wanda ke da ƙarancin ƙarfin rage mai, yana kan gaba.
 

To me yasa gashinka yake da mai, haka kuma gashinka yake da kumfa? (Lokacin amfani da shamfu iri ɗaya).

A gaskiya ma, wannan abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Idan ka wanke gashinka da gashi mai mai, kumfa yana raguwa da sauri. Shin wannan yana nufin cewa aikin kumfa ya fi muni? A wata ma'anar, shin aikin kumfa ya fi kyau, ikon rage mai?
Mun riga mun sani daga bayanan da aka samu daga gwajin cewa yawan kumfa da juriyar kumfa ana tantance su ne ta hanyar halayen kumfa na surfactant ɗin kanta, wato, halayen kumfa da halayen daidaita kumfa. Ƙarfin kawar da gurɓataccen surfactant ɗin kanta ba zai ragu ba ta hanyar rage kumfa. Wannan batu kuma an tabbatar da shi lokacin da muka kammala tantance ƙarfin rage mai na mai kunnawa, mai kunna saman da ke da kyawawan halayen kumfa bazai da ƙarfin rage mai, haka nan kuma akasin haka.
 
Bugu da ƙari, za mu iya kuma tabbatar da cewa babu wata alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin kumfa da kuma rage man shafawa daga ƙa'idodin aiki daban-daban na biyu.
 
Aikin kumfa mai surfactant:

Kumfa wani nau'i ne na wakili mai aiki a saman ƙasa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi, babban aikinsa shine bai wa tsarin tsaftacewar yanayi mai daɗi da daɗi, sannan kuma tsaftace mai yana taka rawa ta taimako, don haka man ba zai sake zama a ƙarƙashin tasirin kumfa ba, wanda ya fi sauƙin wankewa.
 
Ka'idar kumfa da kuma rage man shafawa na surfactant:
Ƙarfin tsaftacewar mai na surfactant ya samo asali ne daga ikonsa na rage matsin lamba tsakanin mai da ruwa (rage mai), maimakon ikonsa na rage matsin lamba tsakanin ruwa da iska (kumfa).
Kamar yadda muka ambata a farkon wannan labarin, surfactants kwayoyin amphiphilic ne, ɗaya daga cikinsu hydrophilic ne ɗayan kuma hydrophilic ne. Saboda haka, a ƙarancin yawan ruwa, surfactant ɗin yakan kasance a saman ruwan, tare da ƙarshen lipophilic (wanda ba ya son ruwa) yana fuskantar waje, da farko yana rufe saman ruwan, wato, haɗin ruwa da iska, don haka yana rage tashin hankali a wannan haɗin.

Duk da haka, idan yawan sinadarin ya wuce wani wuri, sinadarin surfactant zai fara taruwa, yana samar da micelles, kuma matsin lamba na fuska ba zai sake raguwa ba. Wannan yawan sinadarin ana kiransa da muhimmin yawan sinadarin micelle.
 

 
Ikon kumfa na surfactants yana da kyau, yana nuna cewa yana da ƙarfin rage matsin lamba tsakanin ruwa da iska, kuma sakamakon raguwar matsin lamba tsakanin fuska shine ruwan yana samar da ƙarin saman (jimillar faɗin saman tarin kumfa ya fi na ruwan sanyi girma).
Ƙarfin tsarkakewar sinadaran surfactant yana cikin ikonsa na jika saman tabon da kuma shafa shi, wato, ya “shafa” man sannan ya bar shi ya zama mai laushi sannan a wanke shi da ruwa.
 
Saboda haka, ikon kawar da gurɓataccen abu na surfactant yana da alaƙa da ikonsa na kunna haɗin mai da ruwa, yayin da ikon kumfa yana wakiltar ikonsa ne kawai na kunna haɗin ruwa da iska, kuma biyun ba su da alaƙa gaba ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, akwai kuma masu tsaftace abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ba sa kumfa, kamar mai cire kayan shafa da man cire kayan shafa da ake amfani da su a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, waɗanda kuma suna da ƙarfin kawar da gurɓataccen abu, amma ba a samar da kumfa ba, kuma a bayyane yake cewa kumfa da kawar da gurɓataccen abu ba abu ɗaya bane.
 
Ta hanyar ƙuduri da tantance halayen kumfa na surfactant daban-daban, za mu iya samun surfactant mai kyawawan halayen kumfa, sannan ta hanyar ƙuduri da jerin ƙarfin rage man shafawa na surfactant, dole ne mu cire ikon gurɓata na surfactant. Bayan wannan haɗin gwiwa, ku ba da cikakken wasa ga fa'idodin surfactant daban-daban, ku sa surfactants su zama cikakke kuma mafi kyau, kuma ku sami ingantaccen tasirin tsaftacewa da ƙwarewar amfani. Bugu da ƙari, mun kuma fahimci daga ƙa'idar aiki na surfactant cewa kumfa ba shi da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙarfin tsaftacewa, kuma waɗannan fahimta na iya taimaka mana mu sami namu hukunci da fahimta lokacin amfani da shamfu, don zaɓar samfurin da ya dace da mu.