Nau'i da aikin kayan sabulu na gama gari

Ana rarraba ƙarin abubuwan sabulu zuwa ƙarin abubuwan da ba su da sinadarai, kamar sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate da sauran gishirin da ba su da sinadarai; Ƙarin abubuwan da ba su da sinadarai, kamar su magungunan hana sake maye gurbin sinadarai, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

Ƙara kayan taimako da suka shafi tsarkakewa ga sabulun wanka wanda zai iya inganta aikin wankewa ana kiransa ƙarin kayan wankewa, kuma ƙarin kayan wankewa muhimmin ɓangare ne na sabulun wanka. Babban ayyukan ƙarin kayan wankewa: na farko, yana da tasirin laushin ruwa, na biyu shine taka rawar alkaline buffering, kuma a ƙarshe, yana da rawar jika, emulsification, dakatarwa da warwatsewa, musamman don hana datti sake haɗawa da tufafi da hana sake sanya su.

Menene manyan abubuwan da ake ƙarawa a cikin sabulu?

Sodium silicate
Maganin alkaline ne, wanda aka fi sani da gilashin ruwa ko paucine, wanda muhimmin ƙari ne na sabulun alkaline pH buffer, wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 10% zuwa 3% na ƙarin sabulun foda. Aikin farko shine maganin pH buffer, juriya ga tsatsa, da laushin ruwa; Na biyu shine kare masaka don inganta sabulun wanki; Na uku shine inganta ruwan slurry da foda; Na huɗu, yana da tasirin haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran kayan taimako.

Sodium carbonate
A cikin ƙarin kayan sabulu, akwai wani abu da ake kira da sinadarin ruwa mai laushi, wanda ake kira da sinadarin ruwan sama, sunan da ake kira da sinadarin soda ash, kuma wani abu da ake kira da sinadarin wanke-wanke, amma a zahiri, ba alkali ba ne, gishiri ne. A cikin cinikin ƙasashen duniya, wani lokacin ana kiransa da soda ko ash na alkali. Sodium carbonate na iya inganta alkalinity, yana iya samar da sinadarin calcium carbonate ko magnesium tare da alli da magnesium ions a cikin ruwa, don haka ya yi laushi da ruwan, shine babban sinadarin sabulun alkaline.

Zeolite 4A
Nau'in musayar ion mai laushi na ruwa mai kyau shine maganin maye gurbin ion mai kyau, wanda ke taimakawa musayar ion na calcium da magnesium kuma yana tausasa ruwa. Saboda zeolite ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, don hana shi kasancewa a kan masana'anta, akwai wasu buƙatu don girman barbashi na zeolite 4A. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin amfani da zeolite tare da sodium tripolyphosphate ya fi kyau fiye da amfani da shi kaɗai. 4A zeolite kuma yana da aikin buffering, warwatsewa da kuma tsayayya da sake sanyawa.

Sodium citrate
Yana da sinadarin laushin ruwa, kuma sinadarin sodium citrate da aka fi sani shine sodium citrate dihydrate da sodium citrate pentahydrate. Suna da matuƙar narkewa kuma suna iya samar da chelates tare da ions na calcium da magnesium a cikin ruwa don su laushi ruwa. Sodium citrate gishiri ne mai ƙarfi na acid, kuma citric acid na iya samar da tsarin pH mai ƙarfi, a cikin tsarin tsaftacewa yana da ikon kiyaye madaidaicin kewayon pH, don haka a wasu lokuta ba ya dace da sauye-sauyen pH iri-iri ba, sodium citrate yana da matsayi na musamman.

Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate decahydrate, wanda aka fi sani da glauberite. Tsabta mai yawa, ƙananan barbashi na sodium sulfate mai ruwa, wanda kuma aka fi sani da sodium foda. Adadin sodium sulfate da aka ƙara a cikin foda yana da yawa har zuwa 20% zuwa 60%, wanda shine adadi mai yawa na ƙarin foda na wanke-wanke na yau da kullun, amma tasirinsa ya fi ƙasa da sauran ƙari. Musamman saboda ƙarancin farashin sodium sulfate, a cikin tsarin ƙera sabulun wanki, ruwan sabulun ya fi kyau, musamman rawar da sabulun wanki ke takawa.

Blecin sodium percarbonate
Sodium percarbonate, wanda aka fi sani da solid hydrogen peroxide, wani sinadari ne na hydrogen peroxide da sodium carbonate, wanda galibi ke taka rawar bleaching.

Na'urar laushin ruwa ta polycarboxylate
Polycarboxylate, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a fannin sabulun wanki, polymers ne guda biyu waɗanda suka ƙunshi acrylic homopolymer da acrylic maleic acid copolymer. Wannan nau'in abu yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin ɗaurewa akan ions na calcium da magnesium, yana da tasirin warwatsewa a bayyane akan calcium da magnesium carbonate, yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da abubuwan sabulu kamar ƙarin abubuwan surfactant, kuma yana da kyakkyawan tasirin hana sake fasalin.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose wakili ne na sake gurɓata muhalli, ba shi da wani tasiri na tsarkakewa, a cikin sabulun wanki shine galibi don hana sake gurɓata muhalli, inganta ƙarfin kumfa da kwanciyar hankali na kumfa na sabulun wanki, amma kuma yana da kauri samfurin, colloidal mai karko, hana delamination da sauran ayyukan sinadarai na colloidal.

EDTA na'urar laushin ruwa ce ta chelating
EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, wani muhimmin abu ne mai rikitarwa, yana da ƙwayoyin halitta guda shida masu daidaitawa, samuwar hadaddun ana kiransa chelate. Yana iya samar da chelates tare da calcium, magnesium da sauran ions na ƙarfe a cikin ruwa don tausasa ruwan.

Ma'anar
Ƙara ɗanɗanon sabulun wanke-wanke yana da matuƙar so ga masu amfani, kuma ƙara ɗanɗanon sabulun wanke-wanke ba wai kawai yana sa sabulun ya yi aiki mai kyau ba, har ma yana sa masaka ko gashi bayan wankewa, tare da ƙamshi mai daɗi. Yawan ɗanɗanon da aka ƙara wa sabulun wanke-wanke gabaɗaya kusan kashi 1% ne, amma adadin samfuran daban-daban kuma ya bambanta, kamar sabulu, saboda aikinsa na musamman, adadin ɗanɗanon shine 1.0% ~ 2.5%, sabulun wanki 0.5% ~ 1%, foda na wanki 0.1% ~ 0.2%, bisa ga samfura daban-daban. Ƙamshin da ake amfani da su galibi sune furanni, ciyawa, itace, da turare na wucin gadi. Shirya ɗanɗanon sabulun wanke-wanke ya kamata ya kula da waɗannan abubuwa biyu: Na farko, aminci, don rage fata, gashi, motsa ido, illa ga jikin ɗan adam; Na biyu shine kwanciyar hankali, saboda sinadaran da ke cikin sabulun wanke-wanke sun fi yawa, ya kamata a kiyaye kwanciyar hankalin ainihin a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline, kada a bar shi ya ruɓe ya canza launi, kuma ba zai iya taka rawa ba.