Tasirin amfani da PAC a cikin maganin ruwa na tashar wutar lantarki ta zafi

1. Ruwan kwalliya kafin a yi masa magani

Jikin ruwa na halitta galibi yana ɗauke da laka, yumbu, humus da sauran ƙazanta da aka dakatar da su da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, algae, ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙananan halittu, suna da wani kwanciyar hankali a cikin ruwa, shine babban dalilin da ke haifar da dattin ruwa, launi da wari. Waɗannan abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri na halitta suna shiga cikin musayar ion, suna gurɓata resin, suna rage ƙarfin musayar resin, har ma suna shafar ingancin fitar da ruwa daga tsarin tacewa. Maganin haɗuwa, bayyana daidaito da kuma maganin tacewa shine a cire waɗannan ƙazanta a matsayin babban dalili, don haka abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa sun ragu zuwa ƙasa da 5mg/L, wato, don samun ruwa mai tsabta. Wannan ana kiransa maganin kafin ruwa. Bayan magani kafin ruwa, ana iya amfani da ruwan a matsayin ruwan tafasa ne kawai lokacin da aka cire gishirin da aka narkar a cikin ruwa ta hanyar musayar ion kuma an cire iskar gas da aka narkar a cikin ruwan ta hanyar dumama ko feshi ko hura iska. Idan ba a cire waɗannan ƙazanta da farko ba, ba za a iya yin magani na gaba (desalting) ba. Saboda haka, maganin hada ruwa muhimmin abu ne a cikin tsarin sarrafa ruwa.

Tsarin kafin a fara amfani da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta zafi kamar haka: ruwan da ba a tace ba → coagulation → hazo da haske → tacewa. Coagulants da aka saba amfani da su a tsarin coagulation sune polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, aluminum sulfate, ferric trichloride, da sauransu. Mafi yawansu suna gabatar da amfani da polyaluminum chloride.

Polyaluminum chloride, wanda ake kira PAC, an gina shi ne akan ash na aluminum ko ma'adanai na aluminum a matsayin kayan aiki, a zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma wani matsin lamba tare da polymer da aka samar da alkali da aluminum reaction, kayan aiki da tsarin samarwa sun bambanta, ƙayyadaddun samfura ba iri ɗaya bane. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, inda n zai iya zama kowane lamba tsakanin 1 da 5, kuma m shine lamba na rukuni 10. PAC ya zo a cikin nau'ikan ƙarfi da ruwa.

2. Tsarin haɗin gwiwa

Akwai manyan tasirin coagulants guda uku akan barbashi masu colloidal a cikin ruwa: hana wutar lantarki, gadar shawa da kuma sharewa. Wanne daga cikin waɗannan tasirin guda uku shine babban abin da ya dogara da nau'in da kuma yawan coagulant, yanayin da abun ciki na barbashi masu colloidal a cikin ruwa, da kuma ƙimar pH na ruwa. Tsarin aikin polyaluminum chloride yayi kama da na aluminum sulfate, kuma halayen aluminum sulfate a cikin ruwa yana nufin tsarin Al3+ yana samar da nau'ikan hydrolyzed daban-daban.

Ana iya ɗaukar Polyaluminum chloride a matsayin samfura daban-daban na tsaka-tsaki a cikin tsarin hydrolysis da polymerization na aluminum chloride zuwa Al(OH)3 a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Yana nan kai tsaye a cikin ruwa a cikin nau'in nau'ikan polymeric daban-daban da A1(OH)a(s), ba tare da tsarin hydrolysis na Al3+ ba.

3. Abubuwan da ke tasiri da amfani

1. Zafin ruwa

Zafin ruwa yana da tasiri a fili kan tasirin maganin coagulation. Idan zafin ruwa ya yi ƙasa, hydrolysis na coagulant yana da wahala, musamman lokacin da zafin ruwan ya yi ƙasa da 5℃, ƙimar hydrolysis yana raguwa, kuma flocculant ɗin da aka samar yana da tsari mai sassauƙa, yawan ruwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan zafin ruwa ya yi ƙasa, narkewar ƙwayoyin colloidal yana ƙaruwa, lokacin flocculation yana da tsawo, kuma ƙimar sedimentation yana da jinkiri. Binciken ya nuna cewa zafin ruwan na 25-30℃ ya fi dacewa.

2. ƙimar pH na ruwa

Tsarin hydrolysis na polyaluminum chloride tsari ne na ci gaba da sakin H+. Saboda haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na pH, za a sami tsaka-tsakin hydrolysis daban-daban, kuma mafi kyawun ƙimar pH na maganin coagulation na polyaluminum chloride gabaɗaya yana tsakanin 6.5 da 7.5. Tasirin coagulation ya fi girma a wannan lokacin.

3. Yawan sinadarin coagulant

Idan adadin coagulant da aka ƙara bai isa ba, sauran turbidity a cikin ruwan fitarwa zai fi girma. Idan adadin ya yi yawa, saboda ƙwayoyin colloidal a cikin ruwan suna shanye coagulant mai yawa, ikon cajin ƙwayoyin colloidal yana canzawa, wanda ke haifar da turbidity na sauran ruwa a cikin ruwan yana ƙaruwa kuma. Tsarin coagulant ba abu ne mai sauƙi na sinadarai ba, don haka ba za a iya ƙayyade adadin da ake buƙata bisa ga lissafi ba, amma ya kamata a ƙayyade shi bisa ga takamaiman ingancin ruwa don tantance adadin da ya dace; Lokacin da ingancin ruwan ya canza a kowane lokaci, ya kamata a daidaita adadin daidai.

4. Ma'ajiyar hulɗa

A yayin da ake gudanar da maganin coagulation ko wani maganin ruwan sama, idan akwai wani adadin laka a cikin ruwa, tasirin maganin coagulation zai iya inganta sosai. Yana iya samar da babban yanki na saman, ta hanyar shaƙa, catalysis da crystallization core, inganta tasirin maganin coagulation.

Hawan ruwa na coagulation hanya ce da ake amfani da ita sosai wajen magance ruwa a yanzu. Ana amfani da masana'antar polyaluminum chloride a matsayin flocculant na maganin ruwa, tare da kyakkyawan aikin coagulant, babban floc, ƙarancin allurai, ingantaccen aiki, ruwan sama mai sauri, faɗin amfani da sauran fa'idodi, idan aka kwatanta da maganin flocculant na gargajiya, ana iya rage yawan flocculant da 1/3 ~ 1/2, farashin zai iya kaiwa 40%. Idan aka haɗa shi da aikin matatar mara bawul da matatar carbon da aka kunna, yawan tururin ruwan da ba shi da amfani yana raguwa sosai, ingancin fitar da ruwa daga tsarin desalt yana inganta, kuma ƙarfin musayar resin desalt shima yana ƙaruwa, kuma farashin aiki yana raguwa.