Chemical da tsari don cire nitrogen ammonia daga ruwa

1. Menene ammonia nitrogen?

Ammoniya nitrogen yana nufin ammonia a cikin nau'i na ammoniya kyauta (ko ammoniya maras ionic, NH3) ko ionic ammonia (NH4+).Mafi girman pH da mafi girman adadin ammonia kyauta;Akasin haka, adadin gishiri ammonium yana da yawa.

Ammoniya nitrogen sinadari ne a cikin ruwa, wanda zai iya haifar da eutrophation na ruwa, kuma shine babban iskar oxygen da ke cinye gurɓataccen ruwa, wanda yake da guba ga kifi da wasu halittun ruwa.

Babban illar ammonia nitrogen akan halittun ruwa shine ammonia kyauta, wanda gubarsa ya ninka na gishirin ammonium sau da yawa, kuma yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar alkalinity.Rashin guba na nitrogen ammonia yana da alaƙa da ƙimar pH da zafin ruwa na ruwan tafkin, gabaɗaya, mafi girman ƙimar pH da zafin ruwa, mafi ƙarfi da guba.

Hanyoyi masu launi na kima guda biyu da ake amfani da su don tantance ammonia sune hanyar Nessler reagent na gargajiya da kuma hanyar phenol-hypochlorite.Hakanan ana amfani da titrations da hanyoyin lantarki don tantance ammonia;Lokacin da abun ciki na nitrogen ammonia ya yi girma, ana iya amfani da hanyar distillation titration.(Ka'idodin ƙasa sun haɗa da hanyar Nath's reagent, salicylic acid spectrophotometry, distillation - titration hanyar)

2.Tsarin kawar da nitrogen na jiki da sinadarai

① Hanyar hazo na sinadarai

Hanyar hazo na sinadarai, wanda kuma aka sani da hanyar hazo ta MAP, shine ƙara magnesium da phosphoric acid ko hydrogen phosphate a cikin ruwan datti mai ɗauke da ammonia nitrogen, ta yadda NH4+ a cikin ruwan sharar ya yi amsa da Mg+ da PO4- a cikin wani bayani mai ruwa don samar da hazo ammonium magnesium phosphate hazo. , Tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine MgNH4P04.6H20, don cimma manufar cire nitrogen ammonia.Magnesium ammonium phosphate, wanda aka fi sani da struvite, ana iya amfani da shi azaman takin ƙasa, ƙari na ƙasa ko mai hana wuta don gina samfuran tsarin.Ma'aunin martani shine kamar haka:

Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 - = MgNH4P04

Babban abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin jiyya na hazo sinadarai sune darajar pH, zafin jiki, ƙaddamarwar nitrogen ammonia da rabon molar (n (Mg+) : n (NH4+) : n (P04-)).Sakamakon ya nuna cewa lokacin da darajar pH ta kasance 10 da molar rabo na magnesium, nitrogen da phosphorus shine 1.2: 1: 1.2, tasirin magani ya fi kyau.

Yin amfani da magnesium chloride da disodium hydrogen phosphate a matsayin wakilai masu tasowa, sakamakon ya nuna cewa tasirin magani ya fi kyau lokacin da darajar pH ta kasance 9.5 da molar rabo na magnesium, nitrogen da phosphorus shine 1.2: 1: 1.

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 ya fi sauran haɗe-haɗe na wakili.Lokacin da ƙimar pH ta kasance 10.0, zafin jiki shine 30 ℃, n (Mg +): n (NH4+): n (P04-) = 1: 1: 1, yawan taro na ammonia nitrogen a cikin ruwa mai sharar gida bayan motsawa don 30min yana raguwa. daga 222mg/L kafin jiyya zuwa 17mg/L, kuma yawan cirewa shine 92.3%.

Hanyar hazo sinadarai da hanyar membrane na ruwa an haɗa su don maganin babban taro masana'antu ammonia nitrogen da ruwan sha.A karkashin yanayin inganta tsarin hazo, adadin cire nitrogen ammonia ya kai kashi 98.1%, sannan ci gaba da jiyya tare da hanyar fim na ruwa ya rage yawan sinadarin ammonia zuwa 0.005g/L, ya kai matsayin matakin farko na fitarwa na kasa.

An bincika sakamakon cire ions na ƙarfe na divalent (Ni+, Mn+, Zn+, Cu+, Fe+) ban da Mg+ akan ammonia nitrogen ƙarƙashin aikin phosphate.Wani sabon tsari na hazo CaSO4-MAP an gabatar da shi don ruwan sharar ammonium sulfate.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ana iya maye gurbin mai sarrafa NaOH na gargajiya da lemun tsami.

Amfanin hanyar hazo sinadarai shi ne, lokacin da yawan ruwan sharar ammonia nitrogen ya yi yawa, ana amfani da wasu hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su, kamar hanyar nazarin halittu, hanyar chlorination na karya, hanyar rabuwa da membrane, hanyar musayar ion, da dai sauransu. A wannan lokacin. Ana iya amfani da hanyar hazo na sinadarai don riga-kafi.Haɓaka haɓakar hanyar hazo sinadarai ya fi kyau, kuma ba a iyakance shi ta zafin jiki ba, kuma aikin yana da sauƙi.Za'a iya amfani da sludge wanda ya ƙunshi magnesium ammonium phosphate a matsayin taki mai hade don gane amfani da sharar gida, don haka kashe wani ɓangare na farashi;Idan za a iya haɗa shi da wasu masana'antun masana'antu waɗanda ke samar da ruwan sha na phosphate da kamfanonin da ke samar da brine gishiri, zai iya ceton farashin magunguna da sauƙaƙe aikace-aikace mai girma.

Rashin lahani na hanyar hazo sinadarai shine saboda ƙuntataccen samfurin solubility na ammonium magnesium phosphate, bayan da ammoniya nitrogen a cikin ruwan datti ya kai wani matsayi, tasirin cirewa ba a bayyane yake ba kuma farashin shigarwa yana karuwa sosai.Don haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyar hazo na sinadarai a haɗe tare da wasu hanyoyin da suka dace da ingantaccen magani.Adadin reagent da aka yi amfani da shi yana da girma, sludge da aka samar yana da girma, kuma farashin magani yana da yawa.Gabatar da ions chloride da phosphorus saura yayin yin amfani da sinadarai na iya haifar da gurɓatawar sakandare cikin sauƙi.

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② kashe hanyar

Cire nitrogen ammonia ta hanyar busawa shine daidaita ƙimar pH zuwa alkaline, ta yadda ammonia ion a cikin ruwan datti ya zama ammoniya, ta yadda galibi ya kasance a cikin nau'in ammonia kyauta, sannan a fitar da ammonia kyauta. na sharar gida ta hanyar iskar gas, don cimma manufar cire ammonia nitrogen.Babban abubuwan da ke shafar haɓakar busawa sune darajar pH, zafin jiki, rabon ruwa-gas, ƙimar iskar gas, ƙaddamarwar farko da sauransu.A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyar busa ta ko'ina wajen kula da ruwan sha tare da yawan sinadarin ammonia nitrogen.

An yi nazarin kawar da nitrogen ammonia daga tudun ruwa ta hanyar busawa.An gano cewa mahimman abubuwan da ke kula da ingancin busawa sune zafin jiki, rabon ruwa-gas da ƙimar pH.Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa ya fi 2590, rabon gas-ruwa shine game da 3500, kuma pH yana kusa da 10.5, ƙimar cirewa zai iya kaiwa fiye da 90% don zubar da ƙasa tare da ƙwayar ammonia nitrogen mai girma kamar 2000-4000mg / L.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa lokacin da pH = 11.5, rage zafin jiki shine 80cC kuma lokacin cirewa shine 120min, adadin cire nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwa mai tsabta zai iya kaiwa 99.2%.

Hasumiyar hurawa mai jujjuyawar ruwan sharar ammoniya nitrogen an yi ta ne ta hanyar hasumiya mai jujjuyawa.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa haɓakar busawa ya karu tare da karuwar ƙimar pH.Mafi girman rabon ruwa-gas shine, mafi girman ƙarfin tuƙi na ammoniya tsige taro mai yawa shine, kuma aikin cirewa shima yana ƙaruwa.

Cire nitrogen ammonia ta hanyar busawa yana da tasiri, mai sauƙin aiki da sauƙin sarrafawa.Ana iya amfani da nitrogen ammonia da aka hura a matsayin abin sha tare da sulfuric acid, kuma ana iya amfani da kuɗin sulfuric acid da aka samar azaman taki.Hanyar busa fasaha ce da aka saba amfani da ita don cire nitrogen ta jiki da sinadarai a halin yanzu.Duk da haka, hanyar busa na da wasu illoli, kamar su yawan kisa a cikin hasumiya mai busawa, ƙarancin cire nitrogen ammonia a ƙananan zafin jiki, da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska na biyu da iskar gas ke haifarwa.Hanyar busa gabaɗaya ana haɗa shi tare da sauran hanyoyin maganin sharar gida na ammonia don tuntuɓar ruwan sharar ammonia nitrogen mai girma.

③ Break Point chlorination

Hanyar kawar da ammonia ta hanyar chlorination na chlorine shine gas ɗin chlorine yana amsawa da ammonia don samar da iskar nitrogen mara lahani, kuma N2 ya tsere zuwa cikin sararin samaniya, yana sa tushen amsa ya ci gaba zuwa dama.Tsarin amsawa shine:

HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 -> 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl - 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)

Lokacin da aka canza iskar chlorine zuwa cikin ruwan datti zuwa wani wuri, abun cikin chlorine kyauta a cikin ruwa yana da ƙasa, kuma yawan ammonia ba shi da sifili.Lokacin da adadin iskar chlorine ya wuce wurin, adadin chlorine na kyauta a cikin ruwa zai karu, don haka, wurin ana kiran wurin break point, kuma chlorination a wannan jihar ana kiransa chlorination na break point.

Ana amfani da hanyar chlorination na hutu don kula da ruwan sharar hakowa bayan busa nitrogen ammoniya, kuma tasirin maganin yana shafan tsarin busawa ammonia nitrogen kai tsaye.Lokacin da aka cire kashi 70% na nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwan sharar gida ta hanyar busawa sannan kuma a bi da su ta hanyar chlorination mai raguwa, yawan adadin ammonia nitrogen a cikin datti bai wuce 15mg/L ba.Zhang Shengli et al.ya ɗauki simulated ammoniya nitrogen ruwan sharar gida tare da taro taro na 100mg/L a matsayin abin bincike, kuma sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa babban da kuma na biyu abubuwan da suka shafi kau da ammonia nitrogen ta hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka na sodium hypochlorite ne da yawa rabo na chlorine zuwa ammonia nitrogen, lokacin amsawa, da ƙimar pH.

Hanyar chlorination na hutu yana da ingantaccen cire nitrogen, adadin cirewa zai iya kaiwa 100%, kuma ana iya rage yawan ammoniya a cikin ruwan sharar gida zuwa sifili.Tasirin yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma ba zai shafi yanayin zafi ba;Ƙananan kayan saka hannun jari, amsa mai sauri da cikakkiyar amsa;Yana da tasirin sterilization da disinfection a jikin ruwa.Iyalin aikace-aikacen hanyar chlorination na Break point shine cewa yawan ruwan dattin ammonia nitrogen bai wuce 40mg/L ba, don haka ana amfani da hanyar chlorination na lokacin hutu don ci gaba da kula da ruwan sharar ammonia nitrogen.Bukatar amintaccen amfani da ajiya yana da yawa, farashin magani yana da yawa, kuma samfuran chloramines da chlorinated Organics zasu haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu.

Hanyar oxidation na catalytic

Hanyar oxidation na catalytic shine ta hanyar aikin mai kara kuzari, a ƙarƙashin wani yanayin zafi da matsa lamba, ta hanyar iskar oxygen, kwayoyin halitta da ammonia a cikin najasa za a iya oxidized da bazuwa cikin abubuwa marasa lahani kamar CO2, N2 da H2O, don cimma manufar tsarkakewa.

Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin oxidation na catalytic sune halaye masu haɓakawa, zafin jiki, lokacin amsawa, ƙimar pH, ƙaddamarwar nitrogen ammonia, matsa lamba, ƙarfin motsawa da sauransu.

An yi nazarin tsarin lalacewa na ozonated ammonia nitrogen.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa lokacin da darajar pH ta karu, an samar da wani nau'i na HO radical tare da ƙarfin iskar oxygen mai karfi, kuma an kara yawan adadin iskar oxygen.Nazarin ya nuna cewa ozone na iya oxidize ammonia nitrogen zuwa nitrite da nitrite zuwa nitrate.Matsakaicin adadin nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwa yana raguwa tare da haɓakar lokaci, kuma adadin cirewar nitrogen ammonia kusan 82%.An yi amfani da CuO-Mn02-Ce02 azaman mai haɗaka don kula da ruwan sharar ammoniya.Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa aikin iskar oxygen da aka shirya na sabon kayan haɓaka mai haɓakawa yana inganta sosai, kuma yanayin tsarin da ya dace shine 255 ℃, 4.2MPa da pH = 10.8.A cikin kula da ruwan sharar ammonia nitrogen tare da ƙaddamarwar farko na 1023mg/L, adadin cirewar nitrogen ammonia zai iya kaiwa 98% cikin 150min, ya kai matakin fitarwa na sakandare na ƙasa (50mg/L).

An gudanar da bincike mai zurfi game da aikin zeolite da ke tallafawa TiO2 photocatalyst ta hanyar nazarin raguwar adadin ammonia nitrogen a cikin maganin sulfuric acid.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa mafi kyawun sashi na Ti02/ zeolite photocatalyst shine 1.5g/L kuma lokacin amsawa shine 4h a ƙarƙashin iska mai iska mai ultraviolet.Yawan cire nitrogen ammonia daga ruwan sha zai iya kaiwa 98.92%.An yi nazarin tasirin cire babban ƙarfe da nano-chin dioxide a ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet akan phenol da ammonia nitrogen.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa yawan cire nitrogen ammonia shine 97.5% lokacin da pH = 9.0 aka yi amfani da shi zuwa maganin ammoniya nitrogen tare da ƙaddamar da 50mg/L, wanda shine 7.8% da 22.5% sama da na babban ƙarfe ko Chine dioxide kadai.

Catalytic hadawan abu da iskar shaka Hanyar yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga high tsarkakewa yadda ya dace, sauki tsari, kananan kasa yankin, da dai sauransu, kuma ana amfani da sau da yawa don bi high-tattara ammonia nitrogen sharar gida.Wahalar aikace-aikacen ita ce yadda za a hana asarar mai kara kuzari da kariyar lalata kayan aiki.

Hanyar oxidation electrochemical

Hanyar oxidation na Electrochemical yana nufin hanyar kawar da gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa ta amfani da electrooxidation tare da aikin catalytic.Abubuwan da ke tasiri sune yawa na yanzu, yawan kwararar shigowa, lokacin fitarwa da lokacin bayani.

An yi nazarin oxidation electrochemical na ammonia-nitrogen sharar gida a cikin wani kewayawa kwarara electrolytic cell, inda tabbatacce ne Ti/Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 cibiyar sadarwa lantarki da korau ne Ti cibiyar sadarwa lantarki.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa lokacin da chloride ion maida hankali ne 400mg/L, na farko ammonia nitrogen maida hankali ne 40mg/L, da tasiri ya kwarara kudi ne 600mL/min, na yanzu yawa ne 20mA/cm, da electrolytic lokaci ne 90min, da ammonia. Yawan cire nitrogen shine 99.37%.Ya nuna cewa electrolytic hadawan abu da iskar shaka ruwa ammonia-nitrogen yana da kyakkyawan fata na aikace-aikace.

3. Biochemical nitrogen kau tsari

① duk nitrification da denitrification

Nitrification gaba ɗaya-tsari da denitrification wani nau'in hanyar nazarin halittu ne wanda aka daɗe ana amfani dashi a halin yanzu.Yana jujjuya nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwan sharar gida zuwa nitrogen ta hanyar jerin halayen kamar nitrification da denitrification a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, don cimma manufar maganin ruwa.Tsarin nitrification da denitrification don cire nitrogen ammonia yana buƙatar tafiya ta matakai biyu:

Halin Nitrification: An kammala aikin nitrification ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta na aerobic autotrophic.A cikin yanayin yanayin iska, ana amfani da nitrogen na inorganic azaman tushen nitrogen don canza NH4+ zuwa NO2-, sannan an oxidized zuwa NO3-.Ana iya raba tsarin nitrification zuwa matakai biyu.A mataki na biyu, nitrite yana canzawa zuwa nitrate (NO3-) ta hanyar nitrifying kwayoyin cuta, kuma nitrite yana canzawa zuwa nitrate (NO3-) ta hanyar nitrifying kwayoyin cuta.

Maganganun hanawa: Halin rashin ƙarfi shine tsarin da hana ƙwayoyin cuta rage nitrite nitrogen da nitrate nitrogen zuwa gaseous nitrogen (N2) a cikin yanayin hypoxia.Dentrifying kwayoyin cuta ne heterotrophic microorganisms, mafi yawansu na cikin kwayoyin amphictic.A cikin yanayin hypoxia, suna amfani da iskar oxygen a cikin nitrate a matsayin mai karɓar lantarki da kwayoyin halitta (BOD a cikin najasa) a matsayin mai ba da gudummawar lantarki don samar da makamashi da zama oxidized da daidaitawa.

Dukkanin tsarin nitrification da aikace-aikacen injiniya na denitrification sun haɗa da AO, A2O, rami mai iskar shaka, da sauransu, wanda shine mafi balagagge hanya da ake amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar kawar da nitrogen na halitta.

Duk hanyar nitrification da denitrification yana da abũbuwan amfãni na barga sakamako, sauki aiki, babu na biyu gurbatawa da kuma low cost.Har ila yau, wannan hanya tana da wasu gyare-gyare, irin su tushen carbon dole ne a kara da shi lokacin da C / N rabo a cikin ruwa mai tsabta ya yi ƙasa, yawan zafin jiki da ake bukata yana da mahimmanci, inganci yana da ƙananan ƙananan zafin jiki, yanki yana da girma, buƙatar oxygen. yana da girma, kuma wasu abubuwa masu cutarwa irin su ions ƙarfe masu nauyi suna da tasiri mai tasiri akan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke buƙatar cirewa kafin a aiwatar da hanyar nazarin halittu.Bugu da ƙari, babban taro na nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwa mai tsabta kuma yana da tasiri mai hanawa akan tsarin nitrification.Don haka, yakamata a yi pretreatment kafin kula da ruwan sharar ammonia nitrogen mai girma ta yadda yawan ruwan sharar ammoniya nitrogen ya zama ƙasa da 500mg/L.Hanyar ilimin halitta ta gargajiya ta dace da maganin ƙarancin tattara ruwa ammonia nitrogen da ke ɗauke da kwayoyin halitta, kamar najasar gida, ruwan sharar sinadarai, da sauransu.

②Nitrification da denitrification na lokaci guda (SND)

Lokacin da nitrification da denitrification aka za'ayi tare a cikin wannan reactor, shi ake kira lokaci guda narkewa denitrification (SND).Narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin ruwan datti yana iyakancewa ta hanyar watsawa don samar da narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin microenvironment yankin a kan microbial floc ko biofilm, wanda ke sa narkar da iskar oxygen a saman farfajiyar microbial floc ko biofilm mai dacewa ga girma da yaduwa. na aerobic nitrifying kwayoyin cuta da kuma ammoniya kwayoyin.Zurfafa a cikin floc ko membrane, ƙananan taro na narkar da iskar oxygen, yana haifar da yankin anoxic inda ƙwayoyin cuta suka mamaye.Ta haka kafa lokaci guda narkewa da denitrification tsari.Abubuwan da ke shafar narkewar lokaci ɗaya da denitrification sune ƙimar PH, zafin jiki, alkalinity, tushen carbon na halitta, narkar da oxygen da shekarun sludge.

Nitrification / denitrification na lokaci ɗaya ya kasance a cikin rami na Carrousel oxidation, da kuma tattarawar iskar oxygen tsakanin mai da iska a cikin rami na Carrousel oxidation a hankali ya ragu, kuma iskar oxygen a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren Carrousel oxidation rami ya kasance ƙasa fiye da na sama a cikin babban sashi. .Samuwar da yawan amfani da nitrate nitrogen a kowane bangare na tashar kusan kusan daidai yake, kuma ƙaddamar da nitrogen ammoniya a cikin tashar koyaushe yana da ƙasa sosai, wanda ke nuna cewa halayen nitrification da denitrification suna faruwa lokaci guda a cikin tashar Carrousel oxidation.

Binciken da aka yi kan kula da najasa na cikin gida ya nuna cewa mafi girma CODCR, mafi yawan cikakken denitrification kuma mafi kyawun cire TN.Sakamakon narkar da iskar oxygen akan nitrification na lokaci guda da denitrification yana da girma.Lokacin da aka narkar da iskar oxygen a 0.5 ~ 2mg / L, jimlar kawar da nitrogen yana da kyau.A lokaci guda, hanyar nitrification da denitrification tana ceton reactor, ya rage lokacin amsawa, yana da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, yana adana hannun jari, kuma yana da sauƙin kiyaye ƙimar pH.

③Narkewar ɗan gajeren lokaci da haƙori

A cikin wannan reactor, ana amfani da kwayoyin ammonia oxidizing don oxidize ammonia zuwa nitrite a ƙarƙashin yanayin aerobic, sa'an nan kuma nitrite ya zama denitrified kai tsaye don samar da nitrogen tare da kwayoyin halitta ko tushen carbon na waje a matsayin mai ba da gudummawar lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayin hypoxia.Abubuwan tasiri na gajeriyar nitrification da denitrification sune zafin jiki, ammonia kyauta, ƙimar pH da narkar da oxygen.

Tasirin zafin jiki akan gajeriyar nitrification na najasa na birni ba tare da ruwan teku ba da najasa na birni tare da ruwan teku 30%.Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa: ga najasa na birni ba tare da ruwan teku ba, ƙara yawan zafin jiki yana da amfani don samun nitrification na gajeren lokaci.Lokacin da rabon ruwan teku a cikin najasar gida shine 30%, ana iya samun nitrification na ɗan gajeren lokaci mafi kyau a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin zafi.Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft ta kirkiro tsarin SHARON, amfani da yawan zafin jiki (kimanin 30-4090) yana taimakawa wajen yaduwar kwayoyin cutar nitrite, ta yadda kwayoyin nitrite suka rasa gasar, yayin da suke sarrafa shekarun sludge don kawar da kwayoyin nitrite, don haka cewa nitrification dauki a cikin nitrite mataki.

Dangane da banbancin alaƙar iskar oxygen tsakanin ƙwayoyin nitrite da ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrite, Laboratory na Gent Microbial Ecology Laboratory ya haɓaka tsarin OLAND don cimma tarin nitrite nitrogen ta hanyar sarrafa narkar da iskar oxygen don kawar da ƙwayoyin nitrite.

Sakamakon gwajin matukin jirgi na maganin coking ruwan sha ta hanyar nitrification na ɗan gajeren lokaci da denitrification ya nuna cewa lokacin da tasirin COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN da phenol taro ne 1201.6,510.4,540.1 da 110.4mg/L, matsakaita mai fitar da ruwa COD, ammonia nitrogen. ,TN da phenol maida hankali ne 197.1,14.2,181.5 da 0.4mg/L, bi da bi.Madaidaicin adadin cirewa shine 83.6%,97.2%, 66.4% and 99.6%, bi da bi.

Nitrification na ɗan gajeren lokaci da tsarin denitrification ba ya wucewa ta matakin nitrate, yana adana tushen carbon da ake buƙata don cire nitrogen na halitta.Yana da wasu fa'idodi don ruwan sharar ammonia nitrogen tare da ƙarancin rabon C/N.Short-range nitrification da denitrification yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga m sludge, short dauki lokaci da kuma ceton reactor girma.Koyaya, nitrification na ɗan gajeren lokaci da denitrification yana buƙatar haɓakar nitrite mai ɗorewa kuma mai ɗorewa, don haka yadda za a hana aikin ƙwayoyin cuta yadda ya kamata ya zama mabuɗin.

④ Anaerobic ammonia oxidation

Anaerobic ammoxidation tsari ne na iskar oxygen ta kai tsaye na ammonia nitrogen zuwa nitrogen ta kwayoyin autotrophic a ƙarƙashin yanayin hypoxia, tare da nitrogen nitrous ko nitrous nitrogen a matsayin mai karɓar lantarki.

An yi nazarin tasirin zafin jiki da PH akan ayyukan nazarin halittu na anammoX.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 30 ℃ kuma ƙimar pH shine 7.8.An yi nazarin yuwuwar na'urar ammoX anaerobic don magance babban salinity da babban taro na sharar nitrogen.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa babban salinity ya hana aikin anammoX sosai, kuma wannan hanawa ya sake komawa.Ayyukan ammox anaerobic na sludge mara izini ya kasance 67.5% ƙasa da na sludge mai sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin salinity na 30g.L-1 (NaC1).Ayyukan anammoX na sludge mai haɓaka ya kasance 45.1% ƙasa da na sarrafawa.Lokacin da aka canza sludge da aka haɓaka daga babban yanayin salinity zuwa yanayin ƙarancin salinity (babu brine), aikin ammoX na anaerobic ya karu da 43.1%.Koyaya, reactor yana da saurin raguwar aiki lokacin da yake gudana cikin babban salinity na dogon lokaci.

Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin ilimin halitta na gargajiya, anaerobic ammoX shine fasahar kawar da nitrogen ta tattalin arziƙi ba tare da ƙarin tushen carbon ba, ƙarancin iskar oxygen, babu buƙatar reagents don warwarewa, da ƙarancin samar da sludge.Rashin rashin amfani na ammox anaerobic shine cewa saurin amsawa yana jinkirin, ƙarar reactor yana da girma, kuma tushen carbon ba shi da kyau ga amMOX anaerobic, wanda yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci don warware ruwan sharar ammonia nitrogen tare da ƙarancin haɓakar halittu.

4.rabuwa da kuma adsorption nitrogen kau tsari

① Hanyar rabuwa da membrane

Hanyar rabuwa na membrane shine a yi amfani da zaɓin permeability na membrane don zaɓar abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa, don cimma manufar kawar da ammonia nitrogen.Ciki har da reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, deammoniating membrane da electrodialysis.Abubuwan da ke shafar rarrabuwar membrane sune halayen membrane, matsa lamba ko ƙarfin lantarki, ƙimar pH, zafin jiki da ƙwayar nitrogen ammonia.

Dangane da ingancin ruwan dattin ammonia nitrogen da aka fitar ta hanyar smelter mai ƙarancin ƙasa, an yi gwajin osmosis na baya tare da NH4C1 da NaCI simulated ruwan sharar gida.An gano cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayi guda, reverse osmosis yana da ƙimar cirewar NaCI mafi girma, yayin da NHCl ke da yawan samar da ruwa.Yawan cirewar NH4C1 shine 77.3% bayan maganin osmosis na baya, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman pretreatment na ruwan sharar ammonia nitrogen.Reverse osmosis fasahar iya ajiye makamashi, mai kyau thermal kwanciyar hankali, amma chlorine juriya, gurbatawa juriya ba shi da kyau.

An yi amfani da tsarin rabuwa na biochemical nanofiltration membrane don magance leachate na ƙasa, don haka 85% ~ 90% na ruwa mai yuwuwa an fitar da shi bisa ga ma'auni, kuma kawai 0% ~ 15% na ruwan najasa mai tashewa da laka an mayar dasu zuwa ga tankin shara.Ozturki et al.An yi maganin leachate na Odayeri a Turkiyya tare da membrane na nanofiltration, kuma adadin cire nitrogen ammonia ya kai kusan kashi 72%.Nanofiltration membrane yana buƙatar ƙananan matsa lamba fiye da juyawa osmosis membrane, mai sauƙin aiki.

Ana amfani da tsarin membrane mai cire ammonia gabaɗaya wajen kula da ruwan datti tare da babban ammoniya nitrogen.Nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwa yana da ma'auni mai zuwa: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O yana aiki, ruwan datti mai ɗauke da ammonia yana gudana a cikin harsashi na tsarin membrane, kuma ruwa mai shayar da acid yana gudana a cikin bututun membrane. module.Lokacin da PH na ruwan datti ya karu ko zafin jiki ya tashi, ma'auni zai matsa zuwa dama, kuma ammonium ion NH4- ya zama NH3 mai kyauta.A wannan lokacin, gaseous NH3 iya shiga cikin acid sha ruwa lokaci a cikin bututu daga sharar gida lokaci a cikin harsashi ta micropores a saman da m fiber, wanda aka tunawa da acid bayani da kuma nan da nan ya zama ionic NH4-.Rike PH na ruwan sharar gida sama da 10, da zafin jiki sama da 35 ° C (a ƙasa 50 ° C), ta yadda NH4 a cikin ruwan sharar gida zai ci gaba da zama NH3 zuwa ƙaurawar lokaci na ruwa.Sakamakon haka, tattarawar nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwan datti ya ragu ci gaba.Lokacin shan ruwa na acid, saboda akwai acid da NH4- kawai, yana samar da gishirin ammonium mai tsafta, kuma ya kai ga wani taro bayan ci gaba da zagayawa, wanda za'a iya sake yin fa'ida.A gefe guda kuma, yin amfani da wannan fasaha na iya inganta sosai wajen kawar da sinadarin ammonia a cikin ruwan datti, sannan a daya bangaren kuma, zai iya rage yawan kudin da ake kashewa na tsarin kula da ruwan sha.

Hanyar electrodialysis

Electrodialysis hanya ce ta cire narkar da daskararrun daga mafita mai ruwa ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki tsakanin nau'ikan membrane.A ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin lantarki, ions ammonia da sauran ions a cikin ruwan datti na ammonia-nitrogen suna wadatar da su ta hanyar membrane a cikin ruwan da ke dauke da ammonia, don cimma manufar cirewa.

An yi amfani da hanyar electrodialysis don magance ruwa mara kyau tare da babban adadin ammonia nitrogen kuma an sami sakamako mai kyau.Don 2000-3000mg / l ammonia nitrogen sharar gida, adadin kau da ammonia nitrogen zai iya zama fiye da 85%, da kuma mayar da hankali ruwan ammonia za a iya samu da 8.9%.Adadin wutar lantarki da ake amfani da shi yayin aikin electrodialysis ya yi daidai da adadin nitrogen ammonia a cikin ruwan datti.Maganin Electrodialysis na ruwan sharar gida bai iyakance ta ƙimar pH, zafin jiki da matsa lamba ba, kuma yana da sauƙin aiki.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga membrane rabuwa ne high dawo da ammonia nitrogen, sauki aiki, barga magani sakamako kuma babu na biyu gurbatawa.Duk da haka, a cikin kula da ruwan da ake amfani da shi na ammoniya nitrogen mai girma, sai dai ga membrane mai lalacewa, sauran membranes suna da sauƙi don daidaitawa da toshewa, kuma sabuntawa da sake dawowa suna da yawa, yana kara farashin magani.Sabili da haka, wannan hanya ta fi dacewa da pretreatment ko ƙananan hankali ammonia nitrogen ruwan sharar gida.

③ Hanyar musayar ion

Hanyar musayar ion hanya ce don cire nitrogen ammonia daga ruwan sharar gida ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki tare da zaɓi mai ƙarfi na ion ammonia.Abubuwan tallan da aka saba amfani da su ana kunna carbon, zeolite, montmorillonite da resin musanya.Zeolite wani nau'i ne na siliki-aluminate tare da tsarin sararin samaniya mai girma uku, tsarin pore na yau da kullum da ramuka, daga cikinsu clinoptilolite yana da ƙarfin zaɓin zaɓi don ions ammonia da ƙananan farashi, don haka ana amfani dashi a matsayin kayan talla don ammonia nitrogen. a aikin injiniya.Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin maganin clinoptilolite sun haɗa da girman barbashi, tasirin ammonia nitrogen mai tasiri, lokacin lamba, ƙimar pH da sauransu.

Tasirin adsorption na zeolite akan nitrogen ammonia a bayyane yake, wanda ranite ya biyo baya, kuma tasirin ƙasa da ceramisite ba shi da kyau.Babban hanyar cire nitrogen ammonia daga zeolite shine musayar ion, kuma tasirin adsorption na jiki kadan ne.Tasirin musayar ion na ceramite, ƙasa da ranite yayi kama da tasirin adsorption na jiki.Ƙarfin adsorption na filaye huɗu ya ragu tare da haɓakar zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 15-35 ℃, kuma ya karu tare da haɓaka ƙimar pH a cikin kewayon 3-9.An kai ma'aunin adsorption bayan oscillation na awa 6.

An yi nazarin yuwuwar cire nitrogen ammonia daga leached na ƙasa ta hanyar adsorption na zeolite.Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa kowane gram na zeolite yana da iyakacin ƙarfin adsorption na 15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, lokacin da girman ƙwayar zeolite ya kasance 30-16 raga, adadin cirewar nitrogen ammonia ya kai 78.5%, kuma a ƙarƙashin lokaci guda adsorption, sashi da kuma Girman barbashi na zeolite, mafi girman tasirin ammoniya nitrogen maida hankali, mafi girman adadin adsorption, kuma yana yiwuwa ga zeolite azaman adsorbent don cire nitrogen ammonia daga leachate.A lokaci guda kuma, an nuna cewa adadin adsorption na ammonia nitrogen ta hanyar zeolite yana da ƙasa, kuma yana da wahala ga zeolite ya kai ƙarfin saturation adsorption a cikin aiki mai amfani.

An yi nazari kan kawar da tasirin gadon zeolite na halitta akan nitrogen, COD da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin najasar ƙauyen da aka kwaikwayi.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kau da adadin ammonia nitrogen ta wurin gadon halittar zeolite na halitta ya fi kashi 95%, kuma kawar da nitrate nitrate yana da matukar tasiri ga lokacin zama na hydraulic.

Hanyar musayar ion tana da fa'idodin ƙananan zuba jari, tsari mai sauƙi, aiki mai dacewa, rashin jin daɗi ga guba da zafin jiki, da sake amfani da zeolite ta hanyar farfadowa.Duk da haka, lokacin da ake kula da ruwan datti na ammonia nitrogen mai girma, sake farfadowa ya kasance akai-akai, wanda ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi ga aikin, don haka yana buƙatar haɗa shi tare da sauran hanyoyin maganin ammonia nitrogen, ko kuma amfani da shi don magance ƙananan ƙwayar ammonia nitrogen.

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